From saṃyama on the pratyaya arises knowledge of other minds.

Pratyaya is mental content, idea, cognition. Para means other. Citta is mind. Jñāna is knowledge.

By applying saṃyama to the nature of pratyaya, the yogī can perceive the mental contents of other people.

This is what is commonly called telepathy. It is not reading thoughts word by word, but perceiving cognitions, mental states, intentions.

The commentators explain this is possible because all minds are modifications of the same field of consciousness. At the deepest level, there is no separation.

The yogī first understands how pratyaya functions in their own mind. Then that understanding extends to other minds.

This siddhi has limits. The next sutra will clarify: the general nature of thought is known, not necessarily its specific content.

It is more like perceiving emotional tone, the direction of thought, rather than reading a text.