Teachers, fathers, sons, also thus grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law and other relatives

The enumeration repeats, but now with a tone of lament. The same bonds from verse 26 return, but the context has changed: before they were observed, now they are remembered as potential victims. The tathaiva ca (also thus) adds the fatigue of emotional redundancy.

New terms appear: śyālāḥ (brothers-in-law, wife’s brothers), completing the map of marital affinity. Sambandhinaḥ (the related, relatives by marriage) is a technical legal term expanding the circle of prohibition.

The absence of verbs — pure list — reflects Arjuna’s stunned realization. There is no possible action before such a mass of bonds.