From saṃyama on the gross, the essential nature, the subtle, the inherence, and the purpose, arises mastery of the elements.

Sthūla is gross. Svarūpa is essential nature. Sūkṣma is subtle. Anvaya is inherence, connection. Arthavattva is purpose. Bhūta are the elements. Jaya is mastery.

Each element (earth, water, fire, air, space) has five aspects:

1. Sthūla: the gross form, perceptible by the senses.
2. Svarūpa: its essential nature, its defining characteristics.
3. Sūkṣma: its subtle form, the corresponding tanmātra.
4. Anvaya: its connection with the guṇas that constitute it.
5. Arthavattva: its purpose, what it exists for (to serve puruṣa).

Through saṃyama on these five aspects of each element, the yogī obtains mastery over them.

This mastery allows manipulating the elements: solidifying water, extinguishing fire, creating space, etc.

It is the basis of many apparently miraculous physical siddhis.