Upaniṣads

One of the first Upaniṣads to combine theism (devotion to Rudra/Śiva) with meditative practices. Contains instructions on āsana and prāṇāyāma.

Relevance for yoga

First detailed instructions on seated meditation and prāṇa control. Bridge between Upaniṣadic philosophy and practical yoga.

īśvaradhyānaprāṇāyāmamāyā

Selected verses (117)

1..1 ṛṣayo vedavido ye apūrvaṃ kṣatraṃ brahmotvahanti tapoyuktā yebhyo vayaṃ tebhyo brahmarasāyanāya vai namaḥ To the wise ṛṣis, knowers of the Vedas, who first manifested the supreme knowledge of Brahman through their ardent spiritual practice, to them, by whose grace we have received this wisdom, to them I offer my reverent salutation.
1..2 bhramaprajñāṃ yadā jñātvā manyate nānyadviditaṃ vijñānātparaṃ yattat kiṃ tadbhrameti coditā āhuḥ When through ignorance one believes to have known everything, considering that nothing more exists to be known, then, instigated by the question 'What is that which is beyond ordinary knowledge?' they responded.
1..3 rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva tadasya rūpaṃ praticakṣaṇāya tadāhurekaṃ bahudhā yo'vadhānmāyayā tatra puruṣaṃ yaśca tatraivam The original form manifested in innumerable forms. By the desire to see that original form, He who is One multiplied Himself into many forms through the power of illusion. There is the Puruṣa, and thus is He.
1..4 tadevāgnistadādityastadvāyustadu candramāḥ tadeva śukramannaṃ caiva tadeva mano manasaśca tadvāk tadevātmendriyāṇi cāpyahuḥ That itself is the fire, that is the sun, that is the wind, that is the moon; that is the pure, that is the mind and that is the intellect; that is speech, that is the ego and that are the senses.
1..5 sarve vedā yatpadamāmananti tapāṃsi sarvāṇi ca yadvadanti yadicchanto brahmacaryaṃ caranti tatte padaṃ saṃgraheṇa bravīmyomityetat The supreme state to which all Vedas refer, which all austerities declare, desiring which students practice the life of spiritual celibacy — that state I summarize briefly for you: it is Om.
1..6 brahmaivāgniḥ śamitā havyavāhanaḥ sūryaśca vāyuśca paraṃ dhāma yat taccāsyaitadbrahmaivāgniḥ śamitā havyavāhanaḥ sūryaśca vāyuśca tacca Brahman is the fire that consumes the offerings, the sun and the wind that are His supreme abode. That is this; Brahman is the fire, the sun and the wind.
1..7 yasmādviśvamutpannaṃ yasminnidaṃ viśvamātmani saṃpratiṣṭhitameke'sminsamete yasmiṃstadbrahmeti nirdiṣṭam From whom this universe has arisen, in whom this universe exists as the Ātman, in whom all things dissolve and with whom everything unites — that is designated as Brahman.
1..8 bhayādasyāgnistapati bhayāttapati sūryaḥ bhayādindraśca vāyuśca mṛtyurdhāvati pañcamaḥ Out of fear of Him burns the fire, out of fear of Him shines the sun, out of fear of Him run Indra, the wind and death as the fifth.
1..9 ime vai saptarṣayo vyāsaśca kaśyapaścātriḥ prājāpatiḥ so'yam asmiñchārīre puruṣaḥ so'sminnantarhṛdaya ākāśaḥ tasminyadantaraṃ tadanveṣṭavyaṃ tadvaiva vijijñāsitavyam These seven ṛṣis, Vyāsa, Kaśyapa, Atri and Prajāpati —this Puruṣa in this body, He is within the space of the heart. That which is within that space must be sought, that must be investigated.
1..10 yadetad hṛdayam asmin bhraume'ntareṇa puruṣaḥ puruṣavikṛtiḥ sa eṣa bhūtānāṃ mukhaṃ devā etasmin supratiṣṭhitā etadvai tatpradīptaṃ yad vidvān brāhmaṇaḥ paśyed vipaśyan yogamāyā vā brahmaṇaḥ This heart within this body is the Puruṣa, the transformation of the Puruṣa. He is the portal of all creatures, the gods are firmly established in Him. That is the illuminated flame which the wise brāhmaṇa sees, contemplating the yoga māyā of Brahman.
1..11 apāṇipādo javanogrāhītā paśyatyacakṣuḥ sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ sa vetti mukhyo manasā manasyaḥ sa cetti tattvena ca vāṅmayaḥ ca Without hands or feet, He runs and grasps; without eyes He sees, without ears He hears. He knows what is to be known, He is the Lord of mind and mind itself. He is known by those who know Him in truth, He is the origin of speech.
1..12 yasmātparaṃ nāparamasti kiñcid yasmānnaṇīyo na jyāyo'sti kiñcita ekaḥ puruṣaḥ satattvamadhitiṣṭhatyasmin lokānnaṃ ca viśvataḥ parameva Beyond whom there is nothing higher, smaller than whom there is nothing greater —that unique Puruṣa abides in His own glory, and He is this world; He is food and life, He is all that exists.
1..13 eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ ātmaśaktirnirvikāro yāḥ sa paśyati tadevānyat The one God, hidden in all beings, all-pervading, the dweller in all —the witness, the presider, free from qualities. He who sees Him, sees the Ātman, not another.
1..14 nityo nityānāṃ cetanaścetanānāmeko yo bahūnāṃ cetayatāṃ śarīrāṇāṃ sa kaviḥ pūrvo na buddhāyo viśvato'mukhaḥ sa no buddhayā śubhayā samyagyunaktu The Eternal of eternals, the Consciousness of the conscious, the One who animates many bodies —He is the primordial Sage, the Lord of wisdom, the All-faced. May He unite us completely with good understanding.
1..15 yadā carmavadākāśaṃ veṣṭayiṣyanti mānavaḥ tadā devamavijñāya duḥkhasyānto bhaviṣyati When humans can wrap space like a hide, then, without knowing God, could there be an end to suffering.
1..16 sa vedaitatparamaṃ brahma dhāma yatra viśvaṃ nihitaṃ bhavati śāntam tatra nānyatpaśyati nānyaśchṛṇoti nānyad vijānāti yadetad vijānān mṛtyumeti nānyathāmṛtatvaṃ gacchati He knows that supreme abode of Brahman, where the universe rests in peace. There one sees nothing else, hears nothing else, knows nothing else. Knowing this, one becomes immortal. In no other way is immortality attained.
1..17 vācā virocanānaṃ vadanti taṃ brahmaṇaḥ paramaṃ puruṣaṃ yad vidvāṃsaḥ yatkiñcidvadanta vācā tasmai namaḥ With the revealing word they declare that Supreme Puruṣa of Brahman. The sages, knowing this, speak of anything with the word. To Him my reverence.
1..18 brahmā tadetadviditvā devā āyan tasmātte sarvārthān labhante yastad vidvān yastad vidvān yastad vidvān Knowing this, the gods became gods. Therefore they obtain all objectives. He who knows this, he who knows this, he who knows this.
1..19 tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni samyagātmānaṃ dṛṣṭvā mucyante tataḥ śāntim Therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore —all beings, seeing completely the Ātman, are liberated. After that, peace.
1..20 tadātmānaṃ parijñāya yad vā avāntaradevatāsu tat kiṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ vā śrutaṃ syāt yastad vidvān yastad vidvān yastad vidvān Having fully known that Ātman, whether among the inner divinities or among humans, what more can be heard? He who knows it, he who knows it, he who knows it.
2..1 yadā dhruvaḥ pariṇato'smi nānyathā sato vā sata evāśmasāraḥ naitat viduḥ kecana bālaścittavṛttīnāṃ saṃpravṛttiḥ When one has become stable, completely mature, and not otherwise —for the real, that is reality, like the hardness of diamond. Children do not know this; their minds are occupied with games.
2..2 yoniṃ gṛhṇāti yonirapyasyāṃ bhavati yoniryamadhitiṣṭhati yoniryasyā āyatanaṃ praviśati yonyā evaiṣa bhavati tamīśānaṃ vidvāṃsa evāhuḥ He takes the womb, He is the womb, He is the one who resides in the womb, He is the one who enters the place of the womb, He becomes that very one —Him, the Lord, the sages declare thus.
2..3 ātmānamaraṇiṃ kṛtvā pradīpaṃ taddhitaṃ jñānaṃ prāpya kṣīṇapāpā mṛtyorbhavanti Making the Ātman the lower fire-stick, and meditation the upper spindle, by the friction of knowledge the flame is kindled, and having their sins consumed by it, they become immortal.
2..4 mṛtyoryadantaraṃ tattad vidvāṃsa āhuḥ saviturvareṇyaṃ vṛṇīmahe haviṣā vayaṃ bhagasya devasya That which is beyond death —that the sages declare. The desirable splendor of Savitṛ, we choose with our offering to the god Bhaga.
2..5 vayaṃ tvagneḥ prathamaṃ namo adya tad vayamupabruvīmahe devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaśca To you, Agni, we offer our first reverence today. This we proclaim to the gods and to the ancestors.
2..6 pitāmahānāṃ pitṛtāmahānāṃ pitāmahīṇāṃ pitṛtāmahīṇāṃ vayaṃ namaḥ To the grandfathers, to the grandfathers of the ancestors, to the grandmothers, to the grandmothers of the ancestors —our reverence.
2..7 ya imaṃ tryakṣaraṃ veditavyaṃ yastad veda tad bhavatyamṛtaḥ satyenaivaitam paricinate devānāṃ bhāgam iva loke He who knows this trisyllable that must be known, he who knows it, becomes immortal. With truth one obtains this portion of the gods in the world.
2..8 trir unnataṃ sthāpya samaṃ śarīraṃ hṛdīndriyāṇi manasā saṃniveśya | brahmoḍupena pratareta vidvān srotāṃsi sarvāṇi bhayāvahāni Holding the body erect with the three upper parts straight, directing the senses together with the mind toward the heart, the wise one should cross with the boat of Brahman all the currents that produce fear.
2..9 prāṇān prapīḍyeha saṃyukta-ceṣṭaḥ kṣīṇe prāṇe nāsikayocchvasīta | duṣṭāśva-yuktam iva vāham enaṃ vidvān mano dhārayetāpramattaḥ Controlling the prāṇa here, with disciplined movements, when the breath diminishes one should exhale through the nose. The wise one should hold the mind with vigilance, like a chariot drawn by difficult horses.
2..10 yaḥ śvetasvetarastebhyo brahma niṣkalaṃ brahma paraṃ brahma dhāma yatra viśvaṃ nihitaṃ bhavati śāntam tatra nānyatpaśyati nānyaśchṛṇoti nānyad vijānāti yadetad vijānān mṛtyumeti nānyathāmṛtatvaṃ gacchati Śvetāśvatara, the white-mounted, to them the partless Brahman, the supreme Brahman, the abode where the universe rests in peace —there one sees nothing else, hears nothing else, knows nothing else. Knowing this, one becomes immortal. In no other way is immortality attained.
2..11 brahma ha devebhyo vijigye tasya ha brahmaṇo vijaye devā amahīyanta ha syaḥ sa eṣa vāyurvai śvetaḥ śvetaḥ śvetaḥ Brahman conquered the gods in His victory; the gods rejoiced in it. He is this wind, the white, the white, the white.
2..12 tad vai śvetaṃ vai śvetaṃ vai śvetaṃ vai svetamagramagnestanūrjyotiryad vidvān punāti karmabhiḥ sa evaṃ vittaḥ sa evaṃ vittaḥ sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is the white, the white, the white, the white —the primordial form of Agni, the light by which the knower purifies his actions. He who thus knows, he who thus knows, he who thus knows.
2..13 laghutvam ārogyam aloluptatvaṃ varṇaprasādaṃ svarasauṣṭhavaṃ ca | gandhaḥ śubho mūtrapurīṣam alpaṃ yogapravṛttiṃ prathamāṃ vadanti || Lightness, health, absence of excessive desire, clarity of complexion, good voice and fullness of sound, pleasant odor and scant bodily wastes — these signs manifest the first stage of yoga.
2..14 ya imaṃ tryakṣaraṃ nikhilaṃ brahmopāsate dyāvāpṛthivyorantareṇa yat tat te śvetaṃ śvetam Those who worship this complete trisyllable, Brahman, what is between heaven and earth —that is for you white, white.
2..15 apaḥ pṛthivyantarikṣaṃ vāyurākāśaṃ dyaurdiśaścodīcyāḥ prācyāḥ pratīcyo dakṣiṇā dhruvaḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni samudraśca satyaṃ ca tapaśca Water, earth, space, wind, sky, directions, north, east, west, south, the pole star, all beings, the ocean, truth and austerity.
2..16 brahmavid vipaścit kavirmanīṣī parivṛtto nivṛttakāmaḥ santaḥ siddhā ye pūrve te vayaṃ tasmai namaḥ The knower of Brahman, the wise, the poet, the reflective one, he who has turned completely around, whose desires have ceased, the saints, the perfected ones who came before —to them, to Him, our reverence.
2..17 tasmai sukṛtāya tapase namaste yo bhavān veda tat satyamasti nānyathā parastasmāt tvaṃ viṣṭapastvaṃ dhāma tvaṃ viśvasya paramaṃ padam To Him, the benefactor, to austerity, our reverence. Who You are, That is the Truth. It is not otherwise. Beyond that, You are the support, You are the abode, You are the supreme state of the universe.
3..1 yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhaṃ pṛthivyā antaro yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīmantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the earth, is within the earth, whom the earth does not know, whose body is the earth, who controls the earth from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..2 ya āpsu tiṣṭhan yam āpo na vidur yasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ yo'po'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the waters, whom the waters do not know, whose body is the water, who controls the waters from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..3 yo'gnau tiṣṭhan yamagnir na veda yasyāgniḥ śarīraṃ yo'gnerantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in fire, whom fire does not know, whose body is the fire, who controls fire from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..4 yo vāyau tiṣṭhan yaṃ vāyur na veda yasya vāyuḥ śarīraṃ yo vāyorantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the air, whom the air does not know, whose body is the air, who controls the air from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..5 ya ākāśe tiṣṭhan yam ākāśo na veda yasyākāśaḥ śarīraṃ ya ākāśe'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in space, whom space does not know, whose body is space, who controls space from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..6 yo rajasi tiṣṭhan yaṃ rajo na veda yasya rajaḥ śarīraṃ yo rajaso'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in passion, whom passion does not know, whose body is passion, who controls passion from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..7 yaḥ sattve tiṣṭhan yaṃ sattvaṃ na veda yasya sattvaṃ śarīraṃ yaḥ sattve'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in luminosity, whom luminosity does not know, whose body is luminosity, who controls luminosity from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..8 yo guṇeṣu tiṣṭhan yaṃ guṇā na vidur yasya guṇāḥ śarīraṃ yo guṇebhyo'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the qualities, whom the qualities do not know, whose body are the qualities, who controls the qualities from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..9 yo'vyakte tiṣṭhan yam avyaktaṃ na veda yasyāvyaktaṃ śarīraṃ yo'vyakte'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the unmanifest, whom the unmanifest does not know, whose body is the unmanifest, who controls the unmanifest from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..10 yo jāgrati tiṣṭhan yaṃ jāgrann na veda yasya jāgrataḥ śarīraṃ yo jāgrato'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the waking state, whom the waking state does not know, whose body is the waking state, who controls the waking state from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..11 yaḥ svapne tiṣṭhan yaṃ svapno na veda yasya svapnaḥ śarīraṃ yaḥ svapne'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in dream, whom dream does not know, whose body is the dream, who controls the dream from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..12 yaḥ supte tiṣṭhan yaṃ svapno na veda yasya suptaḥ śarīraṃ yaḥ supte'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in deep sleep, whom deep sleep does not know, whose body is deep sleep, who controls deep sleep from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..13 eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ yaścāyaṃ puruṣaḥ sa yaścāyamāditye taṃ ya etam ātmānam antarādhāya manyante te asatyaṃ manyante te asatyaṃ manyante He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal —this Puruṣa here, and the one in the sun. Those who consider this Ātman as different from the sun, they consider the false, they consider the false.
3..14 ya ātmani tiṣṭhan yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ yo ātmano'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the Ātman, whom the Ātman does not know, whose body is the Ātman, who controls the Ātman from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..15 naiva strī na pumāneṣa na caiṣannapuṃsakaḥ yad yaccharīramādatte tena tena sa yujyate Neither woman nor man is this, nor is it neuter. Whatever body it assumes, with that it becomes associated.
3..16 taṃ dehinaṃ prapadye'haṃ bhaktyā brahmeti nirdiśan nainastaskaro mantro na drugdhā nāpyasūraḥ To that Inhabitant of the body I take refuge with devotion, designating Him as Brahman. There is no thief for Him, no deceiver, no murderer.
3..17 na cakṣuṣā gṛhyate nāpi vācā nānyairdevaistapasā karmaṇā vā jñānaprasādena viśuddhasattvastatastu taṃ paśyate niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamānaḥ He is not grasped by the eye, nor by speech, nor by other gods, nor by austerity nor by action. By the grace of knowledge, by the purity of essence, then, meditating, one sees Him who is without parts.
3..18 eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ ātmaśaktirnirvikāro yāḥ sa paśyati tadevānyat The one God, hidden in all beings, all-pervading, the indweller of all —the witness, the presider, free from qualities. He who sees Him, sees the Ātman, not another.
3..19 nirañjanaḥ parilīno dehādbahirdehino hyeṣa nirañjanao nirākāro nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'hamasmi nirvikalpo nirvikāro nirvicāraḥ sadāśivaḥ Stainless, beyond the body, interior to the inhabitant of the body, without form, without desires —I am He, free from thoughts, without modifications, without deliberation, the Ever-Auspicious.
3..20 taṃ pratikṣaṃ viditvā ya ātmanyātmānaṃ nihitaṃ veda tad vidvāṃsa evāhuḥ Knowing that reflection, he who knows the Ātman established in the Ātman, that the sages declare.
3..21 antaḥ praviśya bhūtāni yo jīvaścaika āsthitaḥ sa niyamya trayīṃ māyāṃ tasmai tasmai namo namaḥ Having entered within all beings, the one Jīva who resides in them, controlling the three māyās —to Him, to Him, reverence, reverence.
4..1 eko ha vai nārāyaṇa āsīnna brahmā neśāno nāpaḥ satyaṃ brahma paraṃ brahma One alone, in truth, was Nārāyaṇa; there was no Brahmā, there was no Īśāna, there was no water. The true Brahman, the supreme Brahman.
4..2 tamasastu rajastasmāt sattvaṃ yasmāt prakāśakam prakāśavacca prakāśo yaḥ sa eṣa hṛdi saṃsthitaḥ From tamas arises rajas, from rajas arises sattva which is luminous, and luminosity itself, that which is light —That is established in the heart.
4..3 yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīmantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the earth, whom the earth does not know, whose body is the earth, who controls the earth from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
4..4 ya ātmani tiṣṭhan yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ yo ātmano'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ He who, dwelling in the Ātman, whom the Ātman does not know, whose body is the Ātman, who controls the Ātman from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
4..5 ya evaṃ vedātmānaṃ mṛṇmayīṃ bhasmasātkurute taṃ devā brahmāṇaṃ viduḥ He who thus knows the Ātman, even if he makes his clay body into ashes, the gods know him as Brahman.
4..6 ātmaivedaṃ sarvam tadanyadaparaṃ niruktamavocat tadvā etadviditvā yo'sāvadhokṣajaṃ viṣṇuṃ mahitve svarge paśyati sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu vasan The Ātman is all this. That is the other, the distant —thus declared Nirukta. Knowing this, he who sees Viṣṇu, the Adhokṣaja, in the greatness of heaven, he dwells in all beings.
4..7 ātmaivedaṃ sarvam tadanyadaparaṃ niruktamavocat tadvā etadviditvā yo'sāvadhokṣajaṃ viṣṇuṃ mahitve svarge paśyati sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu vasannekī bhavati The Ātman is all this. That is the other, the distant —thus declared Nirukta. Knowing this, he who sees Viṣṇu, the Adhokṣaja, in the greatness of heaven, he dwells in all beings, becomes one.
4..8 brahmā devānāṃ prathamaṃ sa babhūva viśvasya kartā bhuvanasya goptā sa mahyaṃ devaḥ prayacchatu śāntim Brahmā, the first of the gods, he came to be, the maker of the universe, the protector of the world. May that god grant me peace.
4..9 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..10 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..11 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..12 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..13 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..14 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..15 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..16 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..17 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..18 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..19 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..20 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..21 tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahma That is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..22 tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥ That is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
5..1 yaḥ sannihito hṛdayaṃ mahacca yaḥ prāṇeṣu prāṇaṃ pradhiṣṭhitaḥ yaḥ striyā puruṣe cāpi prāṇeṣu prāṇaṃ pradhiṣṭhitaḥ Who is near to the heart, great, who is established in the vitalities as the vitality, who is established in the vitalities both in woman and in man.
5..2 ya etadviduramṛtāste bhavanti ya etadviduramṛtāste bhavanti Those who know this, they become immortal. Those who know this, they become immortal.
5..3 agnirmūrdhā cakṣuṣī candraśūryau diśaḥ śrotre vāgvivṛtāśca vedāḥ vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ hṛdayaṃ viśvamasya padbhyāṃ pṛthivī hyeṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmā Fire his head, eyes the moon and sun, directions his ears, speech his manifested mouth and the Vedas, wind his breath, heart the universe, from his feet the earth —He is the Ātman interior of all beings.
5..4 tasmādagniḥ samidho yasya sūryaḥ somāt parijyāyate dakṣiṇāgnir yasya taddhi vedā adhisvaryam yajñasya taṃ vai taṃ vedā adhisvaryam yajñasya taṃ vai taṃ vedā adhisvaryam yajñasya Therefore, from the fire of firewood arises the sun, from the moon the southern fire. From him are the Vedas, the supremacy of sacrifice —truly, truly, from him are the Vedas, the supremacy of sacrifice.
5..5 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..6 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..7 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..8 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..9 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..10 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..11 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..12 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..13 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..14 tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ From him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
6..1 savitā yastavīmahān sūryo yastavīmahān candramā yastavīmahān vidyut yastavīmahān sa ya eṣo'ntarhṛdaya ākāśaḥ tasmin cāyaṃ viśvamidaṃ sthitam The Savitar who is greater, the Sun who is greater, the Moon who is greater, the Lightning who is greater —and He who is this inner Space of the heart, in Him is established this universe.
6..2 ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti Those who know this, they become immortal. Those who know this, they become immortal.
6..3 tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat satyasya satyaṃ tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat That in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That. The Truth of truth —that in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That.
6..4 tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat satyasya satyaṃ tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat That in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That. The Truth of truth —that in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That.
6..5 tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat satyasya satyaṃ tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat That in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That. The Truth of truth —that in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That.
6..6 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..7 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..8 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..9 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..10 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..11 eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā | karmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaś ca One God, hidden in all beings, all-pervading, the inner Self of all beings, overseer of actions, dwelling in all beings, witness, pure consciousness, alone, without attributes.
6..12 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..13 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..14 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..15 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..16 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..17 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..18 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..19 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..20 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..21 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..22 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..23 ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.

What are the Upaniṣads

कठोपनिषद् Kaṭha Upaniṣad

Relevance for yoga

Selected verses (119)

श्वेताश्वतरोपनिषद् Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad

Relevance for yoga

Selected verses (117)

माण्डूक्योपनिषद् Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad

Relevance for yoga

Selected verses (12)

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