O son of Pṛthā, those who take refuge in Me, even if they are of inferior birth — women, merchants and workers — they also reach the supreme goal.

A revolutionary declaration in its historical context. Pāpa-yonayaḥ — of “sinful” birth — refers to categories excluded from traditional Vedic study.

The list includes striyaḥ (women), vaiśyāḥ (merchants/farmers) and śūdrāḥ (servants/workers). In traditional Vedic society, these groups had limited access to spiritual liberation.

But vyapāśritya — fully taking refuge in the Lord — transcends all barriers. Parāṃ gatim — the supreme goal — is accessible to all by bhakti, regardless of birth.