Sāṃkhya

Enumeration, discernment. One of the six darśana-s (philosophical systems) of Hinduism, founded by Kapila. Sāṃkhya articulates the dual cosmology of puruṣa (consciousness) and prakṛti (matter) that serves as the theoretical foundation for the yoga of Patañjali. The Bhagavad Gītā (ch. 2-3) dialogues with Sāṃkhya in distinguishing the path of knowledge (sāṃkhya) from that of action (yoga). Its enumeration of the tattva-s (25 principles) maps the structure of manifestation. See purusha and prakriti.