I will declare two things that are difficult for anyone to obtain: one is milk, and the second is a woman obedient to the will.

This verse introduces the material requirements for Vajrolī practice according to the Tantric tradition.Commentators have interpreted these elements in various ways, some literal and others symbolic.

Kṣīram — milk — in technical context can refer to different fluids used in purificatory practices.Some commentators interpret it to refer to specific bodily fluids;others, to medicinal preparations.Fresh cow’s milk is also literally used in certain variants of the practice to train urethral control through suction techniques.

Nārī vaśa-vartinī — obedient woman — has generated considerable debate.The literal reading suggests a tantric companion trained in the practice of maithuna (ritual union).More esoteric interpretations identify the “woman” with kuṇḍalinī śakti or with the lunar aspect of the practitioner himself.Bihar School and other modern commentators tend to emphasize these symbolic readings while acknowledging the historical existence of literal practices.