When all beings have become the Self itself for the one who knows, what delusion, what sorrow can there be for one who sees oneness?

This verse describes the state of the jñānī, the knower of truth, and the liberating consequences of that knowledge.

Yasmin sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmā eva abhūt vijānataḥ — when all beings have become the Self itself for one who knows. Vijānataḥ indicates direct knowledge, not mere intellectual understanding. For this person, the apparent multiplicity has revealed itself as the one Self.

Tatra kaḥ mohaḥ — what delusion can there be? Moha is confusion, delusion, the inability to see things as they are. When the fundamental unity has been recognized, the illusion of separation dissolves.

Kaḥ śokaḥ — what sorrow? Śoka is the pain that arises from loss, separation, death. But if everything is the Self, what can truly be lost? Who can die if only the One exists?

Ekatvam anupaśyataḥ — for one who continuously sees oneness. Again, anupaśyati — sustained vision, not a fleeting moment of insight.

This verse does not promise that the sage’s life will be free of difficult circumstances, but that the relationship with those circumstances is radically transformed. The body may experience pain, but śoka — existential suffering — ceases when one understands that nothing essential can be threatened.