Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad · 8

अकारो वै सर्वं व्यक्तिं भवत्युद्भवः च वा अकारस्योपव्याख्यानं वैश्वानरत्वम्

akāro vai sarvaṃ vyaktiṃ bhavaty udbhavaś ca vā akārasyopavyākhyānaṃ vaiśvānaratvam

The letter A is all that is manifest, and also is the origin. The explanation of A is its condition of Vaiśvānara.

Here begins the correspondence between the letters of Oṃ and the states of consciousness. Mantra 8 links A (the first letter) with the first state: waking.

Akāra: the sound A. It is the first vowel of Sanskrit, produced by simply opening the mouth — without effort, without complex articulation. It is the most primordial sound, the one that emerges first in all speech.

Vyakti (manifestation) and udbhava (origin): A is both the manifested and the origin of the manifested. Just as waking is the state where the world manifests clearly (vyakta), A corresponds to Vaiśvānara.

The correspondence works at multiple levels:

  • Phonetic: A is the first vocal articulation — waking is the first state
  • Existential: everything arises from A just as everything arises from waking upon awakening
  • Cosmic: A is creation (sṛṣṭi), the first movement of Brahman toward manifestation

Gauḍapāda, in his Kārikā on this Upaniṣad, emphasizes: one who understands A understands the first quarter of the mystery. Waking is not something to flee from — it is the first expression of the same reality that, seen more deeply, is U, M and silence.