Verse 11.3 of the Prākaraṇa lays bare a crucial diagnostic for the suffering inherent in samsara. The concepts of ahankara (ego) and mamakara (attachment to possessions) are identified as the very root causes of cyclical existence, functioning as samsara-hetu – the factors that lead to bondage. This verse immediately establishes a clear path of rectification: the yogī must actively contemplate these dualistic forces, recognizing them as the source of their disquiet. Abandoning this dualistic perception—dvaita—is not merely a philosophical stance, but a necessary practical step. Instead, he must take samsara as a guide to advaita, the ultimate non-dual reality, a state of being beyond the limitations of self and object. By aligning with this non-dual perspective, the practitioner transcends the illusory boundaries of experience and successfully crosses the ‘other shore’ (paraga), signifying liberation from the wheel of rebirth. This echoes the Upaniṣadic emphasis on transcending the perceived separation between the self and the world.