Humility, modesty, non-violence, patience, uprightness, service to the teacher, purity, steadfastness, control of the self.

Beginning the enumeration of virtues (jñāna) that constitute the knowledge leading to liberation. These twenty qualities transform the field from bondage to freedom.

Amānitva is absence of desire for recognition; adambhitva is absence of pretension. Ahiṃsā (non-harming) extends beyond physical violence to include thought and speech.

Ācāryopāsana — service to the teacher — is crucial. Knowledge is transmitted through relationship, not merely studied. The student learns by being with the teacher.