The worship of devas, brāhmaṇas, guru and wise persons, purity, rectitude, celibacy and non-violence — that is said to be the austerity of the body.

Tapas is triple. First, śārīra — austerity of the body. Components: pūjana (worship) of superior beings: deva (deities), dvija (twice-born, brāhmaṇas), guru (spiritual teacher), prājña (wise ones).

Personal virtues: śauca (external/internal purity), ārjavam (rectitude), brahmacarya (celibacy/conservation of energy), ahiṃsā (non-violence). These purify and strengthen the physical instrument.