Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad · 10

मकारस्तु तैजसत्वात्प्रतिष्ठां गच्छति मकारस्योपव्याख्यानं प्राज्ञत्वम्

makāras tu taijasatvāt pratiṣṭhāṃ gacchaty akārasyopavyākhyānaṃ prājñatvam

The letter M, through its connection with Taijasa, becomes established in stability. The explanation of M is its condition of Prājña.

M — the third letter of Oṃ — corresponds to deep sleep (suṣupta), represented by Prājña.

Makāra: the sound M. Phonetically, M is the labial closure — the lips seal, the resonance turns completely inward. From A (total opening) to U (interiorization) to M (closure): the sound folds back upon itself.

Pratiṣṭhā (stability, foundation): M is the base where everything is gathered. Just as deep sleep is the foundation from which both waking and dream sleep arise, M is the base upon which A and U rest.

Prājñatvam: the quality of Prājña, supreme wisdom. Not discursive wisdom but presence itself, without content, without object.

The phonetic sequence A-U-M is a complete arc:

  • A: opening, manifestation, waking
  • U: interiorization, subtlety, dream
  • M: closure, unity, deep sleep

Each sound contains and transcends the previous. M does not deny A or U — it integrates them and carries them to their foundation. In the practice of prāṇava (recitation of Oṃ), M is prolonged until it dissolves into silence — and that silence is the fourth state.