Some say the result lies in becoming; others, that it lies in non-becoming. Thus we have heard from the wise who explained it to us.

The debate now shifts to the metaphysics of existence itself. Bhava (becoming, cyclic existence) versus abhava (non-becoming, cessation) represents the tension between saṃsāra (cycle of births) and nirvāṇa or mokṣa (liberation). Some seekers see the goal in the creative flow of existence; others, in its complete transcendence.

Bhava implies the continuous becoming of the manifested universe, with its pleasures and pains, its opportunities and limitations. Those who seek bhava desire to continue in conditioned existence, even if on elevated planes. Those who seek abhava aspire to the complete cessation of conditioned individuality.

The formulation anya… anyat (one… another) indicates that they are different results, not variants of the same. The path to bhava is that of virtuous actions (puṇya-karma) that generate superior bodies and worlds. The path to abhava is knowledge of the Ātman that dissolves identification with everything manifested.

This diversity of spiritual goals reflects human diversity. The Kaṭha Upaniṣad condemns no quest, but clearly establishes the hierarchy: abhava (understood as realization of the Self, not mere annihilation) is superior to bhava. Practical yoga must clarify its own goal before beginning the path.