But one who knows the truth, oh mighty-armed one, regarding the division of qualities and actions, knowing that qualities act upon qualities, does not become attached.

Liberating knowledge of Sāṅkhya. Tattva-vit — knower of truth — perceives the reality of the guṇa (sattva, rajas, tamas).

Guṇā guṇeṣu vartante — qualities act upon qualities — indicates that all action is interaction of material forces, not of the Self (puruṣa). The witness remains unmoved; the drama is of prakṛti. This vision dissolves the sense of personal agency and with it attachment to results.