The system of four castes was created by me according to the division of qualities and actions. Know me as its creator but also the non-doer, imperishable.

Origin of the varṇa — not hereditary castes but psychological functions. Guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ — according to qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) and actions, not birth.

Akartāram — non-doer — indicates that Kṛṣṇa as avyaya (immutable) does not “do” in the human sense. The varṇa emerge from prakṛti, not arbitrary will. Brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra are functional archetypes, not rigid social hierarchies.