Daṇḍavagga · Punishment · Gāthā 140

Atha vāssa agārāni, aggi ḍahati pāvako; kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ so upapajjati.

Atha vāssa agārāni, aggi ḍahati pāvako; kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ so upapajjati.

Or fire burns down their houses; and at the dissolution of the body, the ignorant one is reborn in hell.

Aggi ḍahati pāvako — fire burns down their houses: the ninth consequence is destruction of the home by fire. In a civilization of wooden structures, fire was the supreme domestic catastrophe.

Kāyassa bhedā duppañño nirayaṃ so upapajjati — at the dissolution of the body, the ignorant one is reborn in hell: the tenth and final consequence transcends this life. Niraya is hell as a state of intense post-mortem suffering, conditioned by accumulated karma.

The complete sequence (137-140) progresses from the immediate (physical pain) to the deferred (hell after death), creating an escalation of gravity. The rhetorical effect is cumulative: ten consequences that cover the full extent of possible experience.

This enumeration is not meant to be a literal list of punishments but a description of the field of consequences that opens when one harms the innocent. Violence unleashes a process of deterioration that can manifest in multiple ways, none of which is optional or avoidable.