To him (Śaunaka) he said: Two knowledges must be known — thus say the knowers of Brahman — the higher and the lower.

Repetition of the opening verse: the distinction between parā and aparā vidyā.

Tasmai sa hovāca — to him he said. Oral transmission, the master-disciple dialogue.

Dve vidye — two knowledges. Not one alone; both have their place in the spiritual economy.

Veditavye — must be known. Imperative: both require attention, though in different measure.

Brahma-vidaḥ — the knowers of Brahman. Those who have realized, not merely studied.

Parā ca aparā ca — the higher and the lower. Parā — what leads to Brahman; aparā — what leads to worlds of merit.

This distinction structures the entire teaching: ritualism (aparā) is valid preparation but not ultimate end. Direct knowledge (parā) is the goal.

The yogī honors both: uses the lower as ladder toward the higher, without confusing the rung with the summit.