Prathama-prakaraṇam (Yama) · Verse 54
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा परद्रव्येषु निःस्पृहा । अस्तेयमिति सा प्रोक्ता ऋषिभिस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः ॥
karmaṇā manasā vācā parad ravyeṣu niḥspṛhā | asteyamiti sā proktā ṛṣibhistattvadarśibhiḥ ||
Asteya is defined comprehensively: freedom from covetousness (niḥspṛhā) toward others’ possessions in action, mind, and speech. The ṛṣis who declare this are called tattvadarśi — seers of reality — implying that this ethical principle is not mere social convention but is grounded in direct perception of truth. To covet what belongs to another is to mistake the nature of reality.