The two paths are named: pravartaka (propelling) and nivartaka (liberating), both practiced by the wise (vidvadbhiḥ). Pravartaka karma is the varṇāśrama duty performed with desire (kāma) and intention (saṅkalpa). The key distinction is motivation: the same outward action can bind or liberate depending on whether it is performed with personal desire or as selfless duty. This is the practical application of the niṣkāma karma principle.