Brahmā’s response introduces the text’s foundational framework: two paths — pravartaka (the path that propels saṃsāra) and nivartaka (the path that leads to liberation). Both are rooted in the Vedas (vedacoditau). This dualism between action that binds and action that liberates echoes the Bhagavad Gītā’s distinction between sakāma and niṣkāma karma, and the Upaniṣadic pairing of karma-kāṇḍa and jñāna-kāṇḍa.