Upaniṣads

One of the first Upaniṣads to combine theism (devotion to Rudra/Śiva) with meditative practices. Contains instructions on āsana and prāṇāyāma.

Relevance for yoga

First detailed instructions on seated meditation and prāṇa control. Bridge between Upaniṣadic philosophy and practical yoga.

īśvaradhyānaprāṇāyāmamāyā

Selected verses (117)

1..1ṛṣayo vedavido ye apūrvaṃ kṣatraṃ brahmotvahanti tapoyuktā yebhyo vayaṃ tebhyo brahmarasāyanāya vai namaḥTo the wise ṛṣis, knowers of the Vedas, who first manifested the supreme knowledge of Brahman through their ardent spiritual practice, to them, by whose grace we have received this wisdom, to them I offer my reverent salutation.
1..2bhramaprajñāṃ yadā jñātvā manyate nānyadviditaṃ vijñānātparaṃ yattat kiṃ tadbhrameti coditā āhuḥWhen through ignorance one believes to have known everything, considering that nothing more exists to be known, then, instigated by the question 'What is that which is beyond ordinary knowledge?' they responded.
1..3rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva tadasya rūpaṃ praticakṣaṇāya tadāhurekaṃ bahudhā yo'vadhānmāyayā tatra puruṣaṃ yaśca tatraivamThe original form manifested in innumerable forms. By the desire to see that original form, He who is One multiplied Himself into many forms through the power of illusion. There is the Puruṣa, and thus is He.
1..4tadevāgnistadādityastadvāyustadu candramāḥ tadeva śukramannaṃ caiva tadeva mano manasaśca tadvāk tadevātmendriyāṇi cāpyahuḥThat itself is the fire, that is the sun, that is the wind, that is the moon; that is the pure, that is the mind and that is the intellect; that is speech, that is the ego and that are the senses.
1..5sarve vedā yatpadamāmananti tapāṃsi sarvāṇi ca yadvadanti yadicchanto brahmacaryaṃ caranti tatte padaṃ saṃgraheṇa bravīmyomityetatThe supreme state to which all Vedas refer, which all austerities declare, desiring which students practice the life of spiritual celibacy — that state I summarize briefly for you: it is Om.
1..6brahmaivāgniḥ śamitā havyavāhanaḥ sūryaśca vāyuśca paraṃ dhāma yat taccāsyaitadbrahmaivāgniḥ śamitā havyavāhanaḥ sūryaśca vāyuśca taccaBrahman is the fire that consumes the offerings, the sun and the wind that are His supreme abode. That is this; Brahman is the fire, the sun and the wind.
1..7yasmādviśvamutpannaṃ yasminnidaṃ viśvamātmani saṃpratiṣṭhitameke'sminsamete yasmiṃstadbrahmeti nirdiṣṭamFrom whom this universe has arisen, in whom this universe exists as the Ātman, in whom all things dissolve and with whom everything unites — that is designated as Brahman.
1..8bhayādasyāgnistapati bhayāttapati sūryaḥ bhayādindraśca vāyuśca mṛtyurdhāvati pañcamaḥOut of fear of Him burns the fire, out of fear of Him shines the sun, out of fear of Him run Indra, the wind and death as the fifth.
1..9ime vai saptarṣayo vyāsaśca kaśyapaścātriḥ prājāpatiḥ so'yam asmiñchārīre puruṣaḥ so'sminnantarhṛdaya ākāśaḥ tasminyadantaraṃ tadanveṣṭavyaṃ tadvaiva vijijñāsitavyamThese seven ṛṣis, Vyāsa, Kaśyapa, Atri and Prajāpati —this Puruṣa in this body, He is within the space of the heart. That which is within that space must be sought, that must be investigated.
1..10yadetad hṛdayam asmin bhraume'ntareṇa puruṣaḥ puruṣavikṛtiḥ sa eṣa bhūtānāṃ mukhaṃ devā etasmin supratiṣṭhitā etadvai tatpradīptaṃ yad vidvān brāhmaṇaḥ paśyed vipaśyan yogamāyā vā brahmaṇaḥThis heart within this body is the Puruṣa, the transformation of the Puruṣa. He is the portal of all creatures, the gods are firmly established in Him. That is the illuminated flame which the wise brāhmaṇa sees, contemplating the yoga māyā of Brahman.
1..11apāṇipādo javanogrāhītā paśyatyacakṣuḥ sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ sa vetti mukhyo manasā manasyaḥ sa cetti tattvena ca vāṅmayaḥ caWithout hands or feet, He runs and grasps; without eyes He sees, without ears He hears. He knows what is to be known, He is the Lord of mind and mind itself. He is known by those who know Him in truth, He is the origin of speech.
1..12yasmātparaṃ nāparamasti kiñcid yasmānnaṇīyo na jyāyo'sti kiñcita ekaḥ puruṣaḥ satattvamadhitiṣṭhatyasmin lokānnaṃ ca viśvataḥ paramevaBeyond whom there is nothing higher, smaller than whom there is nothing greater —that unique Puruṣa abides in His own glory, and He is this world; He is food and life, He is all that exists.
1..13eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ ātmaśaktirnirvikāro yāḥ sa paśyati tadevānyatThe one God, hidden in all beings, all-pervading, the dweller in all —the witness, the presider, free from qualities. He who sees Him, sees the Ātman, not another.
1..14nityo nityānāṃ cetanaścetanānāmeko yo bahūnāṃ cetayatāṃ śarīrāṇāṃ sa kaviḥ pūrvo na buddhāyo viśvato'mukhaḥ sa no buddhayā śubhayā samyagyunaktuThe Eternal of eternals, the Consciousness of the conscious, the One who animates many bodies —He is the primordial Sage, the Lord of wisdom, the All-faced. May He unite us completely with good understanding.
1..15yadā carmavadākāśaṃ veṣṭayiṣyanti mānavaḥ tadā devamavijñāya duḥkhasyānto bhaviṣyatiWhen humans can wrap space like a hide, then, without knowing God, could there be an end to suffering.
1..16sa vedaitatparamaṃ brahma dhāma yatra viśvaṃ nihitaṃ bhavati śāntam tatra nānyatpaśyati nānyaśchṛṇoti nānyad vijānāti yadetad vijānān mṛtyumeti nānyathāmṛtatvaṃ gacchatiHe knows that supreme abode of Brahman, where the universe rests in peace. There one sees nothing else, hears nothing else, knows nothing else. Knowing this, one becomes immortal. In no other way is immortality attained.
1..17vācā virocanānaṃ vadanti taṃ brahmaṇaḥ paramaṃ puruṣaṃ yad vidvāṃsaḥ yatkiñcidvadanta vācā tasmai namaḥWith the revealing word they declare that Supreme Puruṣa of Brahman. The sages, knowing this, speak of anything with the word. To Him my reverence.
1..18brahmā tadetadviditvā devā āyan tasmātte sarvārthān labhante yastad vidvān yastad vidvān yastad vidvānKnowing this, the gods became gods. Therefore they obtain all objectives. He who knows this, he who knows this, he who knows this.
1..19tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmād vai tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni samyagātmānaṃ dṛṣṭvā mucyante tataḥ śāntimTherefore, therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore, therefore —all beings, seeing completely the Ātman, are liberated. After that, peace.
1..20tadātmānaṃ parijñāya yad vā avāntaradevatāsu tat kiṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ vā śrutaṃ syāt yastad vidvān yastad vidvān yastad vidvānHaving fully known that Ātman, whether among the inner divinities or among humans, what more can be heard? He who knows it, he who knows it, he who knows it.
2..1yadā dhruvaḥ pariṇato'smi nānyathā sato vā sata evāśmasāraḥ naitat viduḥ kecana bālaścittavṛttīnāṃ saṃpravṛttiḥWhen one has become stable, completely mature, and not otherwise —for the real, that is reality, like the hardness of diamond. Children do not know this; their minds are occupied with games.
2..2yoniṃ gṛhṇāti yonirapyasyāṃ bhavati yoniryamadhitiṣṭhati yoniryasyā āyatanaṃ praviśati yonyā evaiṣa bhavati tamīśānaṃ vidvāṃsa evāhuḥHe takes the womb, He is the womb, He is the one who resides in the womb, He is the one who enters the place of the womb, He becomes that very one —Him, the Lord, the sages declare thus.
2..3ātmānamaraṇiṃ kṛtvā pradīpaṃ taddhitaṃ jñānaṃ prāpya kṣīṇapāpā mṛtyorbhavantiMaking the Ātman the lower fire-stick, and meditation the upper spindle, by the friction of knowledge the flame is kindled, and having their sins consumed by it, they become immortal.
2..4mṛtyoryadantaraṃ tattad vidvāṃsa āhuḥ saviturvareṇyaṃ vṛṇīmahe haviṣā vayaṃ bhagasya devasyaThat which is beyond death —that the sages declare. The desirable splendor of Savitṛ, we choose with our offering to the god Bhaga.
2..5vayaṃ tvagneḥ prathamaṃ namo adya tad vayamupabruvīmahe devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaścaTo you, Agni, we offer our first reverence today. This we proclaim to the gods and to the ancestors.
2..6pitāmahānāṃ pitṛtāmahānāṃ pitāmahīṇāṃ pitṛtāmahīṇāṃ vayaṃ namaḥTo the grandfathers, to the grandfathers of the ancestors, to the grandmothers, to the grandmothers of the ancestors —our reverence.
2..7ya imaṃ tryakṣaraṃ veditavyaṃ yastad veda tad bhavatyamṛtaḥ satyenaivaitam paricinate devānāṃ bhāgam iva lokeHe who knows this trisyllable that must be known, he who knows it, becomes immortal. With truth one obtains this portion of the gods in the world.
2..8trir unnataṃ sthāpya samaṃ śarīraṃ hṛdīndriyāṇi manasā saṃniveśya | brahmoḍupena pratareta vidvān srotāṃsi sarvāṇi bhayāvahāniHolding the body erect with the three upper parts straight, directing the senses together with the mind toward the heart, the wise one should cross with the boat of Brahman all the currents that produce fear.
2..9prāṇān prapīḍyeha saṃyukta-ceṣṭaḥ kṣīṇe prāṇe nāsikayocchvasīta | duṣṭāśva-yuktam iva vāham enaṃ vidvān mano dhārayetāpramattaḥControlling the prāṇa here, with disciplined movements, when the breath diminishes one should exhale through the nose. The wise one should hold the mind with vigilance, like a chariot drawn by difficult horses.
2..10yaḥ śvetasvetarastebhyo brahma niṣkalaṃ brahma paraṃ brahma dhāma yatra viśvaṃ nihitaṃ bhavati śāntam tatra nānyatpaśyati nānyaśchṛṇoti nānyad vijānāti yadetad vijānān mṛtyumeti nānyathāmṛtatvaṃ gacchatiŚvetāśvatara, the white-mounted, to them the partless Brahman, the supreme Brahman, the abode where the universe rests in peace —there one sees nothing else, hears nothing else, knows nothing else. Knowing this, one becomes immortal. In no other way is immortality attained.
2..11brahma ha devebhyo vijigye tasya ha brahmaṇo vijaye devā amahīyanta ha syaḥ sa eṣa vāyurvai śvetaḥ śvetaḥ śvetaḥBrahman conquered the gods in His victory; the gods rejoiced in it. He is this wind, the white, the white, the white.
2..12tad vai śvetaṃ vai śvetaṃ vai śvetaṃ vai svetamagramagnestanūrjyotiryad vidvān punāti karmabhiḥ sa evaṃ vittaḥ sa evaṃ vittaḥ sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is the white, the white, the white, the white —the primordial form of Agni, the light by which the knower purifies his actions. He who thus knows, he who thus knows, he who thus knows.
2..13laghutvam ārogyam aloluptatvaṃ varṇaprasādaṃ svarasauṣṭhavaṃ ca | gandhaḥ śubho mūtrapurīṣam alpaṃ yogapravṛttiṃ prathamāṃ vadanti ||Lightness, health, absence of excessive desire, clarity of complexion, good voice and fullness of sound, pleasant odor and scant bodily wastes — these signs manifest the first stage of yoga.
2..14ya imaṃ tryakṣaraṃ nikhilaṃ brahmopāsate dyāvāpṛthivyorantareṇa yat tat te śvetaṃ śvetamThose who worship this complete trisyllable, Brahman, what is between heaven and earth —that is for you white, white.
2..15apaḥ pṛthivyantarikṣaṃ vāyurākāśaṃ dyaurdiśaścodīcyāḥ prācyāḥ pratīcyo dakṣiṇā dhruvaḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni samudraśca satyaṃ ca tapaścaWater, earth, space, wind, sky, directions, north, east, west, south, the pole star, all beings, the ocean, truth and austerity.
2..16brahmavid vipaścit kavirmanīṣī parivṛtto nivṛttakāmaḥ santaḥ siddhā ye pūrve te vayaṃ tasmai namaḥThe knower of Brahman, the wise, the poet, the reflective one, he who has turned completely around, whose desires have ceased, the saints, the perfected ones who came before —to them, to Him, our reverence.
2..17tasmai sukṛtāya tapase namaste yo bhavān veda tat satyamasti nānyathā parastasmāt tvaṃ viṣṭapastvaṃ dhāma tvaṃ viśvasya paramaṃ padamTo Him, the benefactor, to austerity, our reverence. Who You are, That is the Truth. It is not otherwise. Beyond that, You are the support, You are the abode, You are the supreme state of the universe.
3..1yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhaṃ pṛthivyā antaro yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīmantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the earth, is within the earth, whom the earth does not know, whose body is the earth, who controls the earth from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..2ya āpsu tiṣṭhan yam āpo na vidur yasyāpaḥ śarīraṃ yo'po'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the waters, whom the waters do not know, whose body is the water, who controls the waters from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..3yo'gnau tiṣṭhan yamagnir na veda yasyāgniḥ śarīraṃ yo'gnerantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in fire, whom fire does not know, whose body is the fire, who controls fire from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..4yo vāyau tiṣṭhan yaṃ vāyur na veda yasya vāyuḥ śarīraṃ yo vāyorantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the air, whom the air does not know, whose body is the air, who controls the air from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..5ya ākāśe tiṣṭhan yam ākāśo na veda yasyākāśaḥ śarīraṃ ya ākāśe'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in space, whom space does not know, whose body is space, who controls space from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..6yo rajasi tiṣṭhan yaṃ rajo na veda yasya rajaḥ śarīraṃ yo rajaso'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in passion, whom passion does not know, whose body is passion, who controls passion from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..7yaḥ sattve tiṣṭhan yaṃ sattvaṃ na veda yasya sattvaṃ śarīraṃ yaḥ sattve'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in luminosity, whom luminosity does not know, whose body is luminosity, who controls luminosity from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..8yo guṇeṣu tiṣṭhan yaṃ guṇā na vidur yasya guṇāḥ śarīraṃ yo guṇebhyo'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the qualities, whom the qualities do not know, whose body are the qualities, who controls the qualities from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..9yo'vyakte tiṣṭhan yam avyaktaṃ na veda yasyāvyaktaṃ śarīraṃ yo'vyakte'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the unmanifest, whom the unmanifest does not know, whose body is the unmanifest, who controls the unmanifest from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..10yo jāgrati tiṣṭhan yaṃ jāgrann na veda yasya jāgrataḥ śarīraṃ yo jāgrato'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the waking state, whom the waking state does not know, whose body is the waking state, who controls the waking state from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..11yaḥ svapne tiṣṭhan yaṃ svapno na veda yasya svapnaḥ śarīraṃ yaḥ svapne'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in dream, whom dream does not know, whose body is the dream, who controls the dream from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..12yaḥ supte tiṣṭhan yaṃ svapno na veda yasya suptaḥ śarīraṃ yaḥ supte'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in deep sleep, whom deep sleep does not know, whose body is deep sleep, who controls deep sleep from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..13eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥ yaścāyaṃ puruṣaḥ sa yaścāyamāditye taṃ ya etam ātmānam antarādhāya manyante te asatyaṃ manyante te asatyaṃ manyanteHe is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal —this Puruṣa here, and the one in the sun. Those who consider this Ātman as different from the sun, they consider the false, they consider the false.
3..14ya ātmani tiṣṭhan yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ yo ātmano'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the Ātman, whom the Ātman does not know, whose body is the Ātman, who controls the Ātman from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
3..15naiva strī na pumāneṣa na caiṣannapuṃsakaḥ yad yaccharīramādatte tena tena sa yujyateNeither woman nor man is this, nor is it neuter. Whatever body it assumes, with that it becomes associated.
3..16taṃ dehinaṃ prapadye'haṃ bhaktyā brahmeti nirdiśan nainastaskaro mantro na drugdhā nāpyasūraḥTo that Inhabitant of the body I take refuge with devotion, designating Him as Brahman. There is no thief for Him, no deceiver, no murderer.
3..17na cakṣuṣā gṛhyate nāpi vācā nānyairdevaistapasā karmaṇā vā jñānaprasādena viśuddhasattvastatastu taṃ paśyate niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamānaḥHe is not grasped by the eye, nor by speech, nor by other gods, nor by austerity nor by action. By the grace of knowledge, by the purity of essence, then, meditating, one sees Him who is without parts.
3..18eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ ātmaśaktirnirvikāro yāḥ sa paśyati tadevānyatThe one God, hidden in all beings, all-pervading, the indweller of all —the witness, the presider, free from qualities. He who sees Him, sees the Ātman, not another.
3..19nirañjanaḥ parilīno dehādbahirdehino hyeṣa nirañjanao nirākāro nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'hamasmi nirvikalpo nirvikāro nirvicāraḥ sadāśivaḥStainless, beyond the body, interior to the inhabitant of the body, without form, without desires —I am He, free from thoughts, without modifications, without deliberation, the Ever-Auspicious.
3..20taṃ pratikṣaṃ viditvā ya ātmanyātmānaṃ nihitaṃ veda tad vidvāṃsa evāhuḥKnowing that reflection, he who knows the Ātman established in the Ātman, that the sages declare.
3..21antaḥ praviśya bhūtāni yo jīvaścaika āsthitaḥ sa niyamya trayīṃ māyāṃ tasmai tasmai namo namaḥHaving entered within all beings, the one Jīva who resides in them, controlling the three māyās —to Him, to Him, reverence, reverence.
4..1eko ha vai nārāyaṇa āsīnna brahmā neśāno nāpaḥ satyaṃ brahma paraṃ brahmaOne alone, in truth, was Nārāyaṇa; there was no Brahmā, there was no Īśāna, there was no water. The true Brahman, the supreme Brahman.
4..2tamasastu rajastasmāt sattvaṃ yasmāt prakāśakam prakāśavacca prakāśo yaḥ sa eṣa hṛdi saṃsthitaḥFrom tamas arises rajas, from rajas arises sattva which is luminous, and luminosity itself, that which is light —That is established in the heart.
4..3yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan yaṃ pṛthivī na veda yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ yaḥ pṛthivīmantaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the earth, whom the earth does not know, whose body is the earth, who controls the earth from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
4..4ya ātmani tiṣṭhan yam ātmā na veda yasyātmā śarīraṃ yo ātmano'ntaro yamayaty eṣa ta ātmāntaryāmy amṛtaḥHe who, dwelling in the Ātman, whom the Ātman does not know, whose body is the Ātman, who controls the Ātman from within —He is your Ātman, the Inner Ruler, the Immortal.
4..5ya evaṃ vedātmānaṃ mṛṇmayīṃ bhasmasātkurute taṃ devā brahmāṇaṃ viduḥHe who thus knows the Ātman, even if he makes his clay body into ashes, the gods know him as Brahman.
4..6ātmaivedaṃ sarvam tadanyadaparaṃ niruktamavocat tadvā etadviditvā yo'sāvadhokṣajaṃ viṣṇuṃ mahitve svarge paśyati sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu vasanThe Ātman is all this. That is the other, the distant —thus declared Nirukta. Knowing this, he who sees Viṣṇu, the Adhokṣaja, in the greatness of heaven, he dwells in all beings.
4..7ātmaivedaṃ sarvam tadanyadaparaṃ niruktamavocat tadvā etadviditvā yo'sāvadhokṣajaṃ viṣṇuṃ mahitve svarge paśyati sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu vasannekī bhavatiThe Ātman is all this. That is the other, the distant —thus declared Nirukta. Knowing this, he who sees Viṣṇu, the Adhokṣaja, in the greatness of heaven, he dwells in all beings, becomes one.
4..8brahmā devānāṃ prathamaṃ sa babhūva viśvasya kartā bhuvanasya goptā sa mahyaṃ devaḥ prayacchatu śāntimBrahmā, the first of the gods, he came to be, the maker of the universe, the protector of the world. May that god grant me peace.
4..9tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..10tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..11tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..12tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..13tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..14tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..15tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..16tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..17tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..18tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..19tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..20tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
4..21tadetadbrahmāpūrvamaparamanantaṃ bāhyaṃ vyāpyaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ sūkṣmaṃ sanmātraṃ sadbrahmaThat is this Brahman, without before or after, infinite, external, omnipenetrating, eternal, omnipresent, subtle, essence of being, true Brahman.
4..22tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma tadetadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ tadbrahma tadparaṃ tadbrahma tadvidvān brahmā bhavati nirātmā nirākāṅkṣaḥ so'śnute sārvabhaumān sukhān sa evaṃ vittaḥThat is this immortal Brahman, that is this supreme Brahman. That Brahman, that supreme Brahman —knowing That, one becomes Brahman, without ego, without desires, enjoys universal joys, thus known.
5..1yaḥ sannihito hṛdayaṃ mahacca yaḥ prāṇeṣu prāṇaṃ pradhiṣṭhitaḥ yaḥ striyā puruṣe cāpi prāṇeṣu prāṇaṃ pradhiṣṭhitaḥWho is near to the heart, great, who is established in the vitalities as the vitality, who is established in the vitalities both in woman and in man.
5..2ya etadviduramṛtāste bhavanti ya etadviduramṛtāste bhavantiThose who know this, they become immortal. Those who know this, they become immortal.
5..3agnirmūrdhā cakṣuṣī candraśūryau diśaḥ śrotre vāgvivṛtāśca vedāḥ vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ hṛdayaṃ viśvamasya padbhyāṃ pṛthivī hyeṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmāFire his head, eyes the moon and sun, directions his ears, speech his manifested mouth and the Vedas, wind his breath, heart the universe, from his feet the earth —He is the Ātman interior of all beings.
5..4tasmādagniḥ samidho yasya sūryaḥ somāt parijyāyate dakṣiṇāgnir yasya taddhi vedā adhisvaryam yajñasya taṃ vai taṃ vedā adhisvaryam yajñasya taṃ vai taṃ vedā adhisvaryam yajñasyaTherefore, from the fire of firewood arises the sun, from the moon the southern fire. From him are the Vedas, the supremacy of sacrifice —truly, truly, from him are the Vedas, the supremacy of sacrifice.
5..5tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..6tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..7tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..8tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..9tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..10tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..11tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..12tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..13tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
5..14tasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñaḥ kratauḥ paśavaḥ sarvabhūtāni prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaḥ satyaṃ vrataṃ vidhānaṃ vedāstasmādyajñastasmādṛcaḥFrom him the Ṛg, Sāma, Yajur, initiation, sacrifice, ritual, animals, all beings, inhalation and exhalation, rice and barley, austerity, truth, vow, regulation, Vedas, sacrifice —from him, from him.
6..1savitā yastavīmahān sūryo yastavīmahān candramā yastavīmahān vidyut yastavīmahān sa ya eṣo'ntarhṛdaya ākāśaḥ tasmin cāyaṃ viśvamidaṃ sthitamThe Savitar who is greater, the Sun who is greater, the Moon who is greater, the Lightning who is greater —and He who is this inner Space of the heart, in Him is established this universe.
6..2ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavantiThose who know this, they become immortal. Those who know this, they become immortal.
6..3tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat satyasya satyaṃ tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tatThat in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That. The Truth of truth —that in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That.
6..4tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat satyasya satyaṃ tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tatThat in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That. The Truth of truth —that in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That.
6..5tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tat satyasya satyaṃ tad vai tat satyaṃ satyaṃ vai tatThat in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That. The Truth of truth —that in truth is the Truth. The Truth in truth is That.
6..6ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..7ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..8ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..9ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..10ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..11eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā | karmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaś caOne God, hidden in all beings, all-pervading, the inner Self of all beings, overseer of actions, dwelling in all beings, witness, pure consciousness, alone, without attributes.
6..12ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..13ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..14ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..15ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..16ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..17ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..18ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..19ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..20ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..21ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..22ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.
6..23ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasan ya imaṃ manuṣyeṣu viditvā manuṣyeṣu vasanWho, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans. Who, knowing this among humans, dwells among humans.

What are the Upaniṣads

कठोपनिषद्Kaṭha Upaniṣad

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Selected verses (119)

श्वेताश्वतरोपनिषद्Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad

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Selected verses (117)

माण्डूक्योपनिषद्Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad

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Selected verses (12)

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